Ernesto Candeias Martins: As Infâncias na História Social da Educação. Fronteiras e Interceções Sócio-Históricas

[Resumo] Book review: Ernesto Candeias Martins (2018). As Infâncias na História Social da Educação. Fronteiras e Interceções Sócio-Históricas.Lisboa: Editorial Cáritas, 2018, 561 pp. ISBN: 978-97-2900-856-

A NEW CLASSIFICATION OF IT RESOURCES: A RESEARCH AGENDA UNDER THE COMPLEMENTARITY OF THE RBV

The effects of Information Technology (IT) on firm performance constitute one of the most recent lines of research. In developing this study, we take a Resource-Based View (RBV) as our basic theoretical focus. Adopting this paradigm means that IT alone is incapable of sustaining a competitive advantage (CA), making it necessary to analyze the existence of resources that complement IT to achieve greater organizational performance. The goal of this paper is to determine the combination of key resources, both exclusively IT resources and other organizational resources not necessarily belonging to this technology, to set a useful research agenda to contribute to the improvement of current knowledge of the IT effects on organizational performance.Information Technology, organizational performance, RBV.

Making Explosive Cocktails: recipes and costs for 26 Crises from 1823 to 2003

Crises, like “explosive cocktails” are made by mixing powerful ingredients. Argentina has made 26 “explosive cocktails” since 1823. How many ingredients are needed to make an “explosive cocktail”? Which are these ingredients? Which is the most expensive mix? This paper attempts to identify the different recipes that ended up in economic crisis throughout argentine economic history by means of the regression tree analysis technique. The paper also measures Argentina’s crises costs in terms output losses. We follow the methodology used by the IMF (1998), that is, computing cumulative output lost relative to trend. It is found that there are four explosive mixes, having Fiscal Deficit, Real Exchange Rate Overvaluation, Bank Deposit growth rate decline and the ratio of External Debt to Exports as the key ingredients. The most frequent crises are those having high fiscal deficit; though average cost is higher for crises mixing moderate fiscal with strong decline in Real Bank Deposits, presumably entailing banking crises.Currency Crises, Regression Tree Analysis, Crises Costs

Organogenesis and plant regeneration of Arachis villosa Benth. (Leguminosae) through leaf culture

With the aim of developing an efficient plant regeneration protocol, leaflet explants of three accessions of Arachis villosa Benth. (S2866, S2867 and L97) were cultured on basic Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different combinations of plant growth regulators: α-naphthalenacetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, kinetin and thidiazuron. The accession L97 was the only one able to differentiate buds through indirect organogenesis. The most suitable combination for bud regeneration was the basic medium added with 13.62 μM thidiazuron and 4.44 μM 6-benzylaminopurine. These results show the important role of the genotype in morphogenetic responses and the organogenetic effect of thidiazuron in Arachis villosa accession L97. A thidiazuron lacking media (only 0.54 μM α-naphthalenacetic acid, 13.95 μM kinetin and 13.32 μM 6-benzylaminopurine were added) promoted the elongation of the regenerated buds. Adventitious rooting was achieved 90 days after the isolated shoots were transferred to a rooting medium containing 0.54 μM α-naphthalenacetic acid.Fil: Fontana, María Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Mroginski, Luis Amado. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Rey de Badaró, Hebe Yolanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentin

Macroprudential FX Regulations: Sacrificing Small Firms for Stability?

La regulación macroprudencial en moneda extranjera puede reducir el riesgo sistémico; sin embargo, se sabe poco acerca de sus consecuencias no deseadas. Propongo un mecanismo teórico en el que el descalce de monedas actúa como un medio para relajar las restricciones crediticias de las pequeñas empresas y muestro que las políticas que gravan los préstamos en dólares pueden aumentar las disparidades financieras entre las pequeñas y las grandes empresas. Para verificar esto empíricamente, estudio la implementación de un encaje macroprudencial en moneda extranjera por parte del Banco Central del Perú. Construyo una base de datos que combina datos confidenciales del registro de créditos bancarios junto con datos a nivel de empresa sobre empleo, ventas, industria y ubicación geográfica para el universo de empresas formalmente registradas. Demuestro que un aumento del 10 % en la exposición bancaria al encaje aumenta significativamente las disparidades en el crecimiento de los préstamos totales entre empresas pequeñas y grandes en 1,6 puntos porcentuales. Cuando se tiene en cuenta la sustitución a préstamos en moneda nacional de diferentes bancos, el efecto en la deuda de las empresas grandes es solo composicional. Usando datos confidenciales del universo de los contratos de derivados en moneda extranjera, muestro que las empresas que se ven más afectadas por la política no están cubiertas a través de estos derivados cambiarios. Finalmente, usando datos de encuestas a nivel de firmas encuentro que esta política tiene posibles implicaciones heterogéneas en los resultados reales de las empresas como inversión y producción.Macroprudential FX regulation may reduce systemic risk; however, little is known about its unintended consequences. I propose a theoretical mechanism in which currency mismatch acts as a means for relaxing small firms’ borrowing constraints, and show that policies taxing dollar lending may increase financing disparities between small and large firms. To verify this empirically, I study the implementation of a macroprudential FX tax by the Central Bank of Peru. I construct a novel dataset that combines confidential credit register data with firm-level data on employment, sales, industry and geographic location for the universe of formally registered firms. I show that a 10% increase in bank exposure to the tax significantly increases disparities in the growth of total loans between small and large firms by 1.6 percentage points. When accounting for firms switching to soles financing from different banks, the effect on large firms’ debt is only compositional. Using a confidential dataset on the universe of FX derivative contracts, I show that firms that are mostly affected by the policy are not hedged through FX derivatives. Additional findings using survey data suggest that this policy has potential heterogeneous implications for firms’ real outcomes

The Human Amygdaloid Complex: Cellular Architecture and Dopaminergic Innervation

The human amygdaloid complex (AC) is associated with the perception of fear and consequent anxiety‐related behaviors, apart from other functions ranging from attention to memory and emotion. The AC is composed of several regions with specific cytoarchitectures, chemistry, and connections that encode different aspects of fear. Detailed understanding of AC cell composition is basic to determining whether cell number alterations coincide with neurological and psychiatric pathologies associated to anxiety imbalances, as well as with changes in brain functionality during aging. Here, we describe quantitative data gathered applying stereological methods to human AC tissue; the amounts of neurons, glial and endothelial cells, as well as of various interneuron subsets that populate the AC regions were noted and compared with those collected in the AC of non‐human primates and rodents. This chapter also addresses the dopaminergic innervation of the AC, which exerts a modulatory effect over the intrinsic AC network and is critical for reward‐related learning and fear conditioning. This innervation is twice as abundant in the main output nuclei as in the principal entry nuclei of the human AC, and this irregularity may indicate functional variations between these entry and output amygdaloid territories

Estructura familiar y rendimiento escolar en educación secundaria obligatoria

[Resumen] En el presente trabajo se analiza el contexto familiar de aquellos alumnos/ as de ESO que obtienen un bajo rendimiento escolar y ante los cuales la escuela no pone en marcha ninguna medida de atención a la diversidad. En estos casos las familias pueden permanecer pasivas o por el contrario tratar de paliar esta situación. Encontramos, en este estudio, que variables como la asistencia voluntaria de los padres al centro, las expectativas profesionales y académicas sobre el futuro de sus hijos, determinan la puesta en marcha de recursos compensatorios. Al tiempo, nos preguntamos si el hecho de que los padres acudan voluntariamente al centro, va a producir el despertar de la respuesta del sistema educativo, que hasta el momento era nulo. Los datos obtenido reflejan, que en esta situación se desencadena una mayor probabilidad de activación de respuesta por parte de la escuela. Nos apoyamos en la existencia de trabajos de recopilación que pretenden contribuir al estudio de la interrelación que existe entre familia y educación, desde una perspectiva teórica y metodológic

BREEDING AND MOLT PATTERNS OF THE COMMON GROUND‐DOVE (COLUMBINA PASSERINA) IN XERIC, UNPREDICTABLE ENVIRONMENTS OF VENEZUELA

Abstract ∙ In non‐migratory birds the annual cycle is composed of two critical events, breeding and molt, spaced by quiescent periods. Breeding in arid environments is frequently dependent on rainfall, but arid environments have unpredictable and irregular precipitation; therefore, birds of arid environments are thought to maintain their reproductive system in a partially or fully activated state to responding rapidly to favorable conditions. Molt most commonly follows the end of reproduction. We studied the annual cycle of the Common Ground‐dove (Columbina passerina) for 15 months in arid scrub of Venezuela by determining gonadal sizes and maturation state, and by scoring wing, tail and body molt. As expected, both sexes underwent a brief period of gonadal regression of only about one month during the dry season, and maintained a partly or fully active reproductive system during the rest of the year. Breeding of Common Ground‐doves was associated to rainfall, but not exclusively so; testicular recrudescence began in advance of the rains and gonadal cycles of both sexes followed more closely the year’s precipitation rather than the long‐term rainfall pattern. Although birds maintained an extended period of reproductive readiness, they bred during limited periods; yet, differences in reproductive activity between the same months of consecutive years showed their temporal flexibility and opportunistic breeding. Common Ground‐doves molted throughout the year with no synchrony among individuals, replaced one primary per wing at a time, with no temporal overlap, and did not have a definite prebasic molt period of primary replacement. Lack of overlap in feather replacement would allow minimizing instantaneous energy and nutrient demands and lessening strain in birds that molt while breeding. Our results indicate that molt and breeding overlapped extensively at population and individual levels. Common Ground‐doves in xeric environments further illustrate the diversity of life histories of tropical birds in relation to ecological conditions.Resumen ∙ El patrón de reproducción y muda de la Tortolita Grisácea (Columbina passerina) en ambientes xéricos e impredecibles de Venezuela En aves no migratorias el ciclo anual se compone de dos eventos críticos, la reproducción y la muda, separados por períodos de quiescencia. La reproducción en ambientes áridos depende con frecuencia de las lluvias, pero los ambientes áridos tienen precipitación impredecible e irregular; por lo tanto, se considera que las aves de ambientes áridos mantienen su sistema reproductivo en un estado parcial o totalmente activado para responder rápidamente a condiciones favorables. La muda habitualmente ocurre al final de la reproducción. Estudiamos el ciclo anual de la Tortolita Grisácea (Columbina passerina) durante 15 meses en matorrales áridos de Venezuela mediante la determinación del tamaño y maduración de las gónadas, y el registro de la muda de alas, cola y cuerpo. De acuerdo a lo esperado, ambos sexos mostraron un breve período de regresión gonadal de alrededor de un mes durante la tempo‐ rada seca, y mantuvieron parcial o totalmente activado su sistema reproductivo durante el resto del año. La reproducción de la Tortolita Grisácea estuvo asociada con la lluvia pero no exclusivamente con esta; la recrudescencia testicular comenzó antes de las lluvias y los ciclos gonadales de ambos sexos siguieron más fielmente la precipitación del año de estudio que el patrón de lluvias a largo plazo. Aunque las aves mantuvieron un período prolongado de disposición a la reproducción, se reprodujeron durante períodos limitados. Sin embargo, las diferencias en la actividad reproductiva entre los mismos meses de años consecutivos demostraron la flexibilidad temporal y reproducción oportunista. Las Tortolitas Grisáceas mudaron durante todo el año sin sincronía, reemplazando una primaria por ala a la vez, sin solapamiento temporal y sin mostrar un período de muda prebásica definido de reemplazo de las primarias. La ausencia de solapamiento les permitiría minimizar las demandas instantáneas de energía de nutrientes y reducir el estrés en individuos que mudan mientras se reproducen. Nuestros resultados indicaron que la muda y la reproducción se superponen ampliamente tanto a nivel poblacional como individual. Las Tortolitas Grisáceas en ambientes xerófitos ilustran aún más la diversidad de historias de vida de las aves tropicales en relación con sus condiciones ecológicas